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Indicates an era of high precision geomatics, surveying, and mapping field instrument development where the imitators have now become innovators. Distinct from the 1st wave of surveying instruments from antiquity to the middle of the 19th century, and the 2nd that saw the industrialized manufacturing of optical instruments, to the 3rd in the mid 20th century with the rise of a small number of major brands and the integration of mechatronics (e.g. laser EDM, digital data capture, etc), to the 4th wave (early 21st century) with the rise of many new manufacturers with their own non-OEM independent portfolios.

Indicates an era of high precision surveying and mapping field instrument development where the imitators have now become innovators. Distinct from the 1st wave of surveying instruments from antiquity to the middle of the 19th century, and the 2nd that saw the industrialized manufacturing of optical instruments, to the 3rd in the mid 20th century with the rise of a small number of major brands and the integration of mechatronics (e.g. laser EDM, digital data capture, etc), to the 4th wave (early 21st century)where the imitators are now becoming innovators and the rise of many new manufacturers with their own non-OEM independent portfolios.

Indicates an era of high precision GNSS field instrument development where the imitators have now become innovators. Distinct from the 1st wave where user instruments were for purely defense (as the U.S. global satellite system GPS was a military program), and the 2nd that saw the first commercially and publicly available user instruments, to the 3rd that saw many 3rd party developers using OEM components from the 2nd wave developers, to the 3rd: a global boom in new developers and manufacturers.

A nation that is too busy getting hysterical about foreign threats to notice that home grown free-range terrorists spouting internet troll rhetoric have influenced the democratic process. How pitiful.

A state where the misguided and uniformed rhetoric of free range bigots reigns supreme. They might try to establish some geographic foothold in an otherwise democratic nation and try to impose their views on said nation, rather than trying to effect change by participating in the democratic process. often a bunch of little men with small minds and big mouths, but unfortunately when they have failed to change the world with their vile internet troll comments they take up arms and become defacto domestic terrorists. How pitiful.

The proposed National Geodetic Survey (NGS, a federal agency under NOAA and the department of Commerce)) change of National Spatial Reference Framework (the official geodetic reference framework for the United States and some its territories) from NAD83 to ITRF is slated to occur in 2022. This will include the change to a purely gravity based vertical datum to supersede NAVD88. The changes to the day to day operations of surveyors and others who will reference the new framework are nicknamed "Catch 2022". This move to a truly earth-centered-earth-fixed (ECEF) is expected to improve geodetic fidelity but could also prove to be a steep learning curve for many end user constituencies.

'xyHt' is symbolic of the commonality in expressions of positioning, location, and measurement. it is a sort of "DNA" of the geospatial world. 'xy' are coordinates, 'H' is height relative to sealevel, 't' is the temporal component (time, versioning)

These folks are the vanguard of the neo geo geospatial communites, savvy with GIS, open source geospatial, and associated social media and collaborative sites like github. Professionals, pro-sumers, bloggers, and afficianados. They are the wave after legacy GIS. They love maps, mapping, know about projections, PostGreSQL, PostGIS, ARC-this-and-that, etc. Not exclusively young, but must be open minded.

Geospatial professionals, consumers, and pro-sumers who constantly seek to stretch the bounds of conventional methods, technolgies, practices and wisdom in contrast to that of the legacy and proprietray geospatial, GIS, surveying, geography, cartography, and location based services industries. Most often associated with the free and open source development communities. GeoHipsters are hip, wired, digitally conntencted and geospatially enabled; maps and positioning run in thier DNA.